Grey Critical Chain Project Scheduling Technique and Its Application

Based on the idea of Grey System and interval number coefficient notation, a Grey Critical Chain scheduling approach is studied. According to Grey system theory, the time of project or task completion can be considered as the object that extension is definite but intension is uncertain, which is coincident with the character of the project management. The Grey Critical Chain Scheduling Technique mainly aims at the single project time management, but the management idea can also be applied to the other knowledge areas of the project management. In this Technique, we improve the selection method of the buffer time in the Critical Chain, in order to obtain reasonable Feeding Buffer time and Project Buffer time. In this paper, we will use an example to discuss the Grey Critical Chain Scheduling Technique, compare Grey Critical Chain with Program Evaluation and Review Technique, Critical Chain and Fuzzy Critical Chain, analyze the advantages, disadvantages and applicable scope of their own. Key words: Critical Chain, Grey System, Interval Number, Schedule Management, Project Management Résumé: Sur la base de l’idée de Système Gris et la notation du coefficient de nombre d’intervalle, l’approche de pragrammtion d’une Chaîne Critique Grise est étudiée. Selon la théorie du Système Gris, le temps du projet ou de la tâche peut être considéré comme l’objet dont l’extention est définitive mais l’intention est incertaine, qui est conforme au caractère du management de projet. La Technique de Programmation de la Chaîne Critique Grise vise essentiellement le management du temps du projet simple, mais l’idée de management peut aussi être appliquée dans d’autres domaines du management de projet. Avec cette technique, nous améliorons la méthode de sélection du temps d’amortissement dans la Chaîne Critique afin d’obtenir le temps d’amortissement de l’alimentation raisonnable et le temps d’amortissement de projet. Dans l’article présent, nous allons utiliser un exemple pour discuter la Technique de Programmation de la Chaîne Critique Grise, comparer la Chaîne Critique Grise avec l’Evaluation du Programme et la Technique de révision, la Chaîne Critique et la Chaîne Critique Floue, et analyser leurs avantages, désavantages et champ d’application. Mots-Clés: Chaîne Critique, Système Gris, nombre d’intervalle, management de programme, management de proje

What about the contribution from reggeons in hard process of strong interactions?

We discuss in this paper the possible contributions from R_\rho(\rho-reggeon associated with \rho meson) in DIS process on protons. Using results from phenomenological analysis of high energy \pi-N charge-exchanged scattering process, we get the expression of effective propagator of R_\rho and the coupling constant \beta_\rho between R_\rho and light quarks. As a simple and concrete example, we use them to evaluate the contributions of R_\rho to F_2(x,Q^2) from charge-exchanged photoproduction quark-pair process,\gamma^* + p-->n + q_u + \bar{q}_d (--> n + X), in HERA kinematical regions. For a comparison, we also evaluate contributions both from pomeron and partons in the same process. The ratio of contributions in F_2(x,Q^2) from R_\rho versus IP is larger than 1%, therefore, the former may be tested experimentaly.Comment: 13 page, LaTex, 4 figure in postscript. To appear in Commu. in Theor. Phy

Efficient Methods for Non-stationary Online Learning

Non-stationary online learning has drawn much attention in recent years. In particular, dynamic regret and adaptive regret are proposed as two principled performance measures for online convex optimization in non-stationary environments. To optimize them, a two-layer online ensemble is usually deployed due to the inherent uncertainty of the non-stationarity, in which a group of base-learners are maintained and a meta-algorithm is employed to track the best one on the fly. However, the two-layer structure raises the concern about the computational complexity -- those methods typically maintain $\mathcal{O}(\log T)$ base-learners simultaneously for a $T$-round online game and thus perform multiple projections onto the feasible domain per round, which becomes the computational bottleneck when the domain is complicated. In this paper, we present efficient methods for optimizing dynamic regret and adaptive regret, which reduce the number of projections per round from $\mathcal{O}(\log T)$ to $1$. Moreover, our obtained algorithms require only one gradient query and one function evaluation at each round. Our technique hinges on the reduction mechanism developed in parameter-free online learning and requires non-trivial twists on non-stationary online methods. Empirical studies verify our theoretical findings.Comment: preliminary conference version appeared at NeurIPS 2022; this extended version improves the paper presentation, further investigates the interval dynamic regret, and adds two applications (online non-stochastic control and online PCA

Geolocation of a Known Altitude Target Using TDOA and GROA in the Presence of Receiver Location Uncertainty

This paper considers the problem of geolocating a target on the Earth surface using the target signal time difference of arrival (TDOA) and gain ratio of arrival (GROA) measurements when the receiver positions are subject to random errors. The geolocation Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived and the performance improvement due to the use of target altitude information is quantified. An algebraic geolocation solution is developed and its approximate efficiency under small Gaussian noise is established analytically. Its sensitivity to the target altitude error is also studied. Simulations justify the validity of the theoretical developments and illustrate the good performance of the proposed geolocation method

Determination of dissolved nitric oxide in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea off Qingdao

We developed a new method for the determination of dissolved nitric oxide (NO) in discrete seawater samples based on the combination of a purge-and-trap setup and a fluorometric detection of NO. 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) reacts with NO in seawater to form the highly fluorescent 2,3-naphthotriazole (NAT). The fluorescence intensity was linear for NO concentrations in the range from 0.14 to 19 nmol L−1. We determined a detection limit of 0.068 nmol L−1, an average recovery coefficient of 83.8 % (80.2–90.0 %), and a relative standard deviation of ±7.2 %. With our method we determined for the first time the temporal and spatial distributions of NO surface concentrations in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea off Qingdao and in Jiaozhou Bay during a cruise in November 2009. The concentrations of NO varied from below the detection limit to 0.50 nmol L−1 with an average of 0.26 ± 0.14 nmol L−1. NO surface concentrations were generally enhanced significantly during daytime, implying that NO formation processes such as NO2− photolysis are much higher during daytime than chemical NO consumption, which, in turn, lead to a significant decrease in NO concentrations during nighttime. In general, NO surface concentrations and measured NO production rates were higher compared to previously reported measurements. This might be caused by the high NO2− surface concentrations encountered during the cruise. Moreover, additional measurements of NO production rates implied that the occurrence of particles and a temperature increase can enhance NO production rates. With the method introduced here, we have a reliable and comparably easy to use method at hand to measure oceanic NO surface concentrations, which can be used to decipher both its temporal and spatial distributions as well as its biogeochemical pathways in the oceans